Application of a one-dimensional fuel-oil dilution model coupled with an empirical droplet-to-film formation strategy for predicting in-cylinder oil effects in a direct injection engine

Abstract Nowadays climate change due to the unnatural increment of green-house effect is one most critical environmental issues. In this context, internal combustion engines are still a short - term valuable solution. This made possible by study and development synthetic or alternative fuels, such e gasolines hydrogen. direct injection adopted strategy improve engine efficiency. The installation injector on cylinder head may lead impact fuel wall liner. phenomenon causes lubricant oil dilution, possibly increasing particulate matter emission at low load abnormal combustions, known as speed pre-ignitions, high load. present paper aims evaluate influence set established key parameters anticipating effects diffusion through dimensional model implemented in Python. accounts for runtime deposition film means results three Computational Fluid Dynamics spray simulation. also heat mass transfer between species liquid phase representative setup nowadays injectors. dilution multigrade caused fuels under an cold start operative condition evaluated work.